scripta+two+sept+2017+234

the rest of the government 1. in loco parentis : the the place of the parent; A person who, though not the natural parent, has acted as a parent to a child and may thus be liable to legal obligations as if he/she were a natural parent. [|Ipso facto]: By the act itself. because of that fact : because of the fact that has just been mentioned

He thinks that anyone wearing a suit and tie is //ipso facto// a conservative

locale: site, scene or place in which something is happening ; the wedding is being held in an exotic **//locale//**

parentage: the identity or origin of one's parents ; the boy was of Jamaican **parentage** the origin of something; ice cream has American **parentage** https://www.merriam-webster.com/ The cursus honorum (Latin: "course of honor") was the sequential order of public offices held by aspiring politicians in both the Roman Republic and the early Empire. It was designed for men of senatorial rank. The cursus honorum comprised a mixture of military and political administration posts. Each office had a minimum age for election. There were minimum intervals between holding successive offices and laws forbade repeating an office.

The cursus honorum began with ten years of military duty in the Roman cavalry (the equites) or in the staff of a general who was a relative or a friend of the family. The ten years of service were intended to be mandatory in order to qualify for political office, but in practice, the rule was not always rigidly applied. If you were really fancy, you were elected military tribune, and everyone was impressed.

The first official post was that of quaestor. Candidates had to be at least 30 years old. However, men of patrician rank could subtract two years from this and other minimum age requirements. Twenty quaestors served in the financial administration at Rome or as second-in-command to a governor in the provinces. They could also serve as the paymaster for a legion. A young man who obtained this job was expected to become a very important official. An additional task of all quaestors was the supervision of public games. As a quaestor, an official was allowed to wear the toga praetexta, but was not escorted by lictors, nor did he possess imperium.

2. onus probandi: the burden of proving ; in the USA, one is presumed innocent until proven guilty. The burden of proof is with the state, not with the accused. You do not have to say anything in your defense...you have the right to remain silent! The state has to prove that you did whatever you are accused of doing you do not have to prove that you are innocent...they have to prove, beyond a reasonable doubt, that you are guilty.

Volenti Non Fit Iniuria: to one who is willing, no harm is done. If you do something that you know is potentially harmful, and SURPRISE you are hurt...tough cookies!

probative: for the purpose of proving

Sheridan said there's often footage that has no //probative// value, meaning the footage does not have the ability to make a point more or less true in a courtroom.

— Jon Bleiweis, baltimoresun.com, "Baltimore County police chief defends shielding body camera video,"10 May 2017 injurious: full of injury; harmful

Ok, back to the offices: So, you've done your time in the military, and you have been quaestor, moving on up... Aedile: You had to be 36. They had to take care of the temples, they organized games and were responsible for the maintenance of the public buildings in Rome. Moreover, they took charge of Rome's water and food supplies; in their quality of market superintendents, they served sometimes as judges in mercantile affairs. This was a very popular office, albeit an expensive one. Putting on good games and festivals costs a lot of money and the aedile has to pay for it, often out of his own pockets, but it wins a lot of favor, and sets one up well for future office. The Aediles ( there were 4, give or take) get to be the fun people and the fixers...everyone loves that! They did not get lictors, but they do get the toga praetexta.

[] Praetor: After holding either the office of quaestor or aedile, a man of 39 years could run for praetor. There were 6 to 8 of them. In the absence of the Consuls, a Praetor would be given command of the garrison in Rome or in Italy. Also, a Praetor could exercise the functions of the Consuls throughout Rome, but their main function was that of a judge. They would preside over trials involving criminal acts as well as grant court orders or validate "illegal" acts as acts of administering justice. As a Praetor, a magistrate was escorted by six lictors, and wielded imperium. After a term as Praetor, the magistrate would serve as a provincial governor in the office of Propraetor, wielding Propraetor imperium, commanding the province’s legions, and possessing ultimate authority within his province(s). The get some lictors, the toga praetexta, and the fancy chair. [|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cursus_honorum#Aedile]

animus: mind; spirit; in legalese "intent" Stare decisis ‘To stand by things decided’ – A maxim expressing the underlying basis of the doctrine of precedent, i.e. that it is necessary to abide by former precedents when the same points arise again in litigation.

animus: hostility ; motivation I do not understand your animus against me. The animus for campaign reform was that the system had become corrupt. status: one's standing

The Censor (of which there were two) was in his main duty the registrar of Rome. But he also oversaw the finances, including taxation, inspected the quality of public works and - more controversially - oversaw public morality. In his role as registrar of Rome, he and his staff compiled lists of all Roman citizens, recording their name, age, ancestry, families,wealth as well as which one of the three tribes of Rome they belonged to.

If the initial purpose of the census, the counting of the people, was to allow for the military strength of Rome to be assessed, then it was natural the censor, during the time of conscription, were in charge of assigning men, according to their status, to the various types of infantry or cavalry.

In their role of inspectors of public works, they oversaw the maintenance of the temples, roads, water systems.

Their powers of moral guardians were sweeping ones. Not only were they charged to discourage unmarried couples living together and to punish anyone who did not properly maintain his land, but they even possessed the power to bar a senator from the senate.

In times of crisis, a Dictator could be appointed. His time in office could not be longer than six months. But for his time in office he possessed the absolute power of a king. The office of dictator was a very ancient office, having originated from times when one military commander might be appointed over the armies of several Latin cities. This rank then had been referred to as 'master-of-infantry'. In republican days the title survived in form of the dictator's second in command who was 'master-of-cavalry'.

4. mala fide: in bad faith ; The movers accepted payment for the move mala fide. ( they had no intention of ever showing up to do the job! ) in prope persona : in the near person; in one's own person; without an attorney ( BAD IDEA, discipuli!)

malevolent : wishing bad things impersonate: to pretend to be another actual person ( not a pretend person, but a real one) Religion was firmly in the hands of the Pontifex Maximus (High Priest) - a title still held by the present day pope. The pontifex maximus was, as were pretty much all official positions, an elected office. But unlike other offices its holder enjoyed a residence at the Roman Forum in the very heart of Rome, the Domus Publica.

The main task of the pontifices was to maintain the pax deorum, the 'peace of the gods'. To obtain this goal, they gave advice to the magistrates, interpreted the omens, controlled the calendar and oversaw funerals. The pontifex maximus was responsible for a large collection of omens annales maximi); every year, he wrote down the celestial and other signs, and added the events that had followed the omens, so that future generations would be able to better understand the divine will.  []

Augustus as Pontifex Maximus

Check this out!!!